Ethnic groups in the Philippines. The islands of the Philippines are inhabited by a number of different ethnolinguistic nations.
The majority of the population is composed of ethnolinguistic nations whose own languages are Austronesian also known as Malayo- Polynesian in origin. Many of these groups converted to Christianity, particularly the lowland- coastal groups, and adopted many foreign elements of culture. Ethnolinguistic nations include the Cebuano, Ilocano, Pangasinense, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Bicolano, Waray, Surigaonon, Zamboangue. Г±o and Hiligaynon who are also called Ilonggo. In western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, there are indigenous groups who practice Islam.
The Spanish called them Moros after the Moors (despite no resemblance or cultural ties to them apart from their religion). In the Agusan Marsh and the highlands of Mindanao, there are native ethnic groups collectively known as the Lumad. Unlike the Moros, these people do not practice Islam, and maintain their animistic beliefs and traditions though some of them have converted to Christianity as well. The Negrito are a pre- Austronesian people who migrated from mainland Asia and were one of the earliest human beings to settle the Philippines, around 9. The first known were the people of the Callao Man remains. The Negrito population was estimated in 2.
Their tribal groups include the Ati, and the Aeta. Their ways of life remain mostly free from Western and Islamic influences. Scholars study them to try to understand pre- Hispanic culture. Most Filipinos are Malayo- Polynesian, a major group within the Austronesian language family. Other ethnic groups form a minority in the Philippine population. These include those of Japanese, Han Chinese, Indians, Americans, Spanish, Europeans, and other ethnic groups from other countries. Mixed- race individuals are known as Filipino mestizo.
Ethnic identity, language and genetic studies[edit]. The color of the province denotes the largest ethnic group within that province, according to the 2.
A 2. 00. 8 genetic study showed no evidence of a large- scale Taiwanese migration into the Philippines. The Leeds University study, published in Molecular Biology and Evolution, showed that mitochondrial DNA lineages have been evolving within Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) since modern humans arrived approximately 5. There is no genetic evidence for large- scale population replacement, displacement, or absorption to suggest replacement of preexisting hunting and gathering populations by farming- voyaging immigrants from Taiwan.[3] Population dispersals occurred at the same time as sea levels rose, which resulted in migrations from the Philippines to as far north as Taiwan within the last 1. Examination of mitochondrial DNA lineages showed that the neolithic culture (Austronesian) had been evolving within Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) for a longer period than previously believed. Population dispersals occurred at the same time as sea levels rose, which may have resulted in migrations from the Philippines to as far north as Taiwan within the last 1. Per co- author Dr Oppenheimer, from the Oxford University School of Anthropology, population migrations were most likely to have been driven by climate change—the effects of the drowning of a huge ancient peninsula called 'Sundaland' (that extended the Asian landmass as far as Borneo and Java).
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We've listed down some of the lesser-known traditional Filipino games even old timers never knew had names.
This happened during the period 1. Ice Age. Rising sea levels in three massive pulses caused flooding and the submergence of the Sunda Peninsula, creating the Java and South China Seas and the thousands of islands that make up Indonesia and the Philippines today.[2]According to a recent study by Mark Donohue of the Australian National University and Tim Denham of Monash University, there is no linguistic evidence for an orderly north- to- south dispersal of the Austronesian languages from Taiwan through the Philippines and into Island Southeast Asia (ISEA).[4]The Philippine Statistics Department does not account for the racial background or ancestry of an individual. The official population of all types of mestizos (Asian, American, Hispanic, etc.) that reside inside and outside of the Philippines remains unknown. Although a study provided by Stanford University[5] found that 3. European introgression into the Philippines was evident due to the period of colonization, it only genotyped 2.
Philippines. Results from such a small sample cannot be used with high confidence to characterize a population of 9. Old Spanish censuses state that as much as 3. Luzon had full or partial Hispanic or Latino descent.[7]Population history[edit]Prehistoric Tabon Man, found in Palawan in 1. Philippines. Archaeological evidence indicates similarities with two early human fossils found in Indonesia and China, called the Java Man and Peking Man. In 2. 00. 7, a single metatarsal from an earlier fossil was discovered in Callao Cave, Pe. Г±ablanca, Cagayan.
That earlier fossil was named as Callao Man. The Negritos, several ethnic groups of the Australoid race,[8] arrived about 3. Recent archaeological evidence described by Peter Bellwood claimed that the ancestors of Filipinos, Malaysians, and Indonesians first crossed the Taiwan Strait during the Prehistoric period.
These early mariners are thought to be the Austronesian people (Malayo- Polynesian). They used boats to cross the oceans, and settled into many regions of Southeast Asia, the Polynesian Islands, and Madagascar. By the 1. 4th century, the Malayo- Polynesian ethnic group had dominated and displaced the Negrito population in most areas. Traders from southern China, Japan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia, also contributed to the ethnic, and cultural development of the islands.[9]By the 1. Spanish colonization brought new groups of people to the Philippines. Many settled in the Philippines, and some intermarried with the indigenous population, although intermarriage was slight.
This gave rise to the Filipino mestizo or individuals of mixed Austronesian and Spanish descent. Far more numerous were Chinese immigrant workers, known as sangley, as many Chinese historically had been traders. They intermarried with Filipinos, and their children and descendants were called mestizo de sangley. The mestizo de sangleys were far more numerous than mestizos of Spanish descent. By the 1. 9th century, the more successful among them had risen to become wealthy major landowners. They could afford to have their children educated in elite institutions in the Philippines and Europe.
By the opening of the Suez Canal in the 1. Spanish opened the Philippines for foreign trade. Europeans such as the British, Germans, and French settled in the islands to do business.
By the end of the Spanish colonial period, the native ethnic groups of the Philippines began calling themselves Filipinos, a term that had begun as self- identification for persons of Spanish descent born in the Philippines. Following its victory in the Spanish–American War, the United States created a colonial authority in the Philippines in 1.
Military troops and businessmen made their way to the country, bringing in new ethnic groups, culture and language. In the late 1. 9th century, some Americans proposed resettling African Americans in the Philippines, because of discrimination against them in the South, particularly. Post–American Civil War violence against the freedmen had gone on as southern whites struggled for political and economic dominance.
The resettlement idea did not get implemented.[1. The Philippines has over 1. Indigenous and ethnic groups[edit]Ethnic group(s)Image. Description(s)Notes. Bicolano. The Bikolanos originated in Bicol Region in Luzon. There are several Bikol languages of which there is a total of about 3. The most widespread Bikol language is Central Bikol comprising Naga, Legazpi, Daet and Partido dialects (Virac is sometimes considered as a separate language).
They are known for their cuisine heavily using chili peppers and coconut milk. Gaddang. The Gaddang number about 2.
They are known to have inhabited the upper Cagayan Valley, particularly Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya since before the Spanish arrived. Their language is distantly related to Ibanag and Yogad; it is also spoken by ethnically- related highland Ga'dang in the provinces of Ifugao and Mountain Province.
Ibanag. Ibanags are a predominantly Christian lowland ethnic group numbering around half a million people and who primarily inhabit the provinces of Cagayan, and Isabela in northern Luzon. They speak Ibanag, a language distantly related to Ilokano and Pangasinan. Ilokano. The Ilokano people are a predominantly Christian group who reside within the lowlands and coastal areas of northern Luzon.[1.
Ilokanos are also found in Central Luzon, such as Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, and Aurora, in Metro Manila, and some municipalities in Mindanao.[1. They speak Ilokano form the third largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines at about 8 million.[1.
Their foremost folk literature is Biag ni Lam- ang (The Life of Lam- ang), an epic poem with similarities with the Ramayana. Ivatan. The Ivatan are predominant in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines.
They have close cultural links with Taiwanese aborigines. Kapampangan. The Kapampangan or Capampa. Г±gan people originate from the central plains of Luzon, stretching from Bataan up to Nueva Ecija. They are predominantly Christian. The Kapampangan language is spoken by more than two million people. In the Spanish colonial era, Pampanga was known to be a source of valiant soldiers.
There was a Kapampangan contingent in the colonial army who helped defend Manila against the Chinese Pirate Limahon. They also helped in battles against the Dutch, the English and Muslim raiders.[1. Kapampangans, along with the Tagalogs, played a major role in the Philippine Revolution.[1. Moro. The Moros are of various ethnolinguistic groups in southern, and western Mindanao who are the same as other Filipinos, but whose religion is Islam.